VAT Calculator — Remove VAT or Add VAT to Any Amount
Work VAT backwards from a gross price or forwards from a net one, at 20%, 5%, 19%, 21% or any rate — with the formula shown.
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| Net (before VAT) | 100.00 |
| VAT at 20% | 20.00 |
| Gross (including VAT) | 120.00 |
At other rates
Start from whichever figure you have. Remove VAT takes a VAT-inclusive total and tells you the price excluding VAT and the tax inside it; Add VAT goes the other way; and I know the VAT amount rebuilds the net and gross from the tax alone. Each result comes with the exact formula, because backing VAT out of a gross figure is not the same as knocking the percentage off, and doing it the intuitive way is one of the most common bookkeeping errors.
Pick a rate with one tap (UK 20% and 5%, Germany 19%, Ireland 23%, Australia 10% GST and more), or choose any of 50 countries from the list. Paste a whole column of amounts to get net, VAT and gross for each line with totals, ready for an invoice or a spreadsheet.
How to use VAT Calculator
- Choose a direction. "Remove VAT" when you have the total paid and want the amount excluding VAT; "Add VAT" when you have a net price; "I know the VAT amount" when a receipt shows only the tax.
- Enter the amount and set the rate: tap a preset, pick a country, or type any percentage.
- Read the breakdown of net, VAT and gross, and the formula line under it if you need to show your working.
- Several amounts? Click "Several amounts at once", paste one per line (descriptions are fine), and copy the resulting table with totals.
How to remove VAT from an amount
Divide the gross amount by one plus the rate. At 20% that is gross ÷ 1.20; at 5% it is gross ÷ 1.05; at 19% gross ÷ 1.19. The VAT inside the price is the gross minus that net figure. For a £120 total at 20%: 120 ÷ 1.2 = £100 net, and £20 of VAT.
The mistake to avoid is subtracting 20% of the gross. 120 − 20% = 96, which is wrong by £4, because the 20% was charged on the smaller net figure, not on the total. On a VAT return or an expense claim that error repeats on every line. A quick cross-check at 20%: the VAT is exactly one sixth of the gross (and at 5% it is one twenty-first).
Price excluding VAT: the formulas
- Net from gross: net = gross ÷ (1 + rate)
- VAT from gross: VAT = gross − gross ÷ (1 + rate) = gross × rate ÷ (1 + rate)
- Gross from net: gross = net × (1 + rate)
- Net from the VAT amount: net = VAT ÷ rate
Write the rate as a decimal: 20% is 0.20, so 1 + rate is 1.20. The table under the result ("at other rates") lists the divisor for every common rate, which is handy when you are checking a supplier in another country.
Standard rates at a glance
- UK 20% standard; 5% reduced (home energy, child car seats); 0% on most food and children's clothes.
- EU ranges from 17% (Luxembourg) to 27% (Hungary): Germany 19%, France 20%, Italy 22%, Spain, Netherlands and Belgium 21%, Ireland, Poland and Portugal 23%, Sweden and Denmark 25%, Finland 25.5%.
- Elsewhere: Switzerland 8.1%, Norway 25%, Israel 18%, UAE 5%, Saudi Arabia 15%, South Africa 15%, India 18% GST (standard slab), Australia 10% GST, New Zealand 15% GST, Singapore 9%, Japan 10%, Canada 5% federal GST (provinces add their own).
These are the standard rates as of 2026; rates change in budgets and many goods carry reduced rates, so treat the presets as the usual case, not a ruling on your product.
Invoices: working back from a round total
If you quoted a customer 500 all-in and need to invoice it properly at 20%, the lines are 416.67 net and 83.33 VAT. That is exactly what the Remove mode computes, to the penny, and the bulk mode does it for a whole list: each line is rounded to two decimals, as an invoice is, so the totals agree with the printed lines. For margin, markup and plain percentage questions, the percentage calculator and discount calculator sit alongside this one.
GST and sales tax
GST in Australia, New Zealand, India, Singapore and Canada works exactly like VAT, so every mode here applies; pick the country or type the rate. US sales tax is different: it is added at the till and quoted prices exclude it, so there is rarely anything to "remove". The Add mode covers it if you want the total with tax.
Frequently asked questions
How do I remove VAT from an amount?
Divide the VAT-inclusive amount by 1 plus the rate: at 20% divide by 1.2, at 5% by 1.05. The result is the price excluding VAT; subtract it from the gross to get the VAT. Choose "Remove VAT from a gross price" above and the calculator shows both figures and the formula.
Why is removing 20% VAT not the same as taking 20% off?
Because the 20% was added to the net price, which is smaller than the gross. Taking 20% off £120 gives £96, but the VAT in £120 is only £20, so the net is £100. The right operation is dividing by 1.2, not multiplying by 0.8.
How do I calculate the VAT amount from a total?
VAT = total − total ÷ (1 + rate). At 20% that simplifies to one sixth of the total (120 → 20); at 5% it is one twenty-first. The Remove mode shows the VAT line directly.
How do I remove 5% VAT?
Divide by 1.05. A £105 gross amount at 5% is £100 net and £5 VAT. Tap the 5% preset, choose Remove, and enter the gross.
What is the VAT rate in the UK?
20% standard, 5% reduced (domestic fuel and power, children's car seats, some energy-saving materials) and 0% on most food, books and children's clothes. Some items are exempt rather than zero-rated, which matters for reclaiming input VAT but not for this calculation.
Can I calculate VAT for a whole invoice at once?
Yes. Click "Several amounts at once", paste one amount per line (a description before the number is fine, e.g. "Hosting 120"), say whether they are gross or net, and you get net, VAT and gross per line with totals. "Copy table" puts it on the clipboard as tab-separated text that pastes straight into Excel or Google Sheets.
Is this the same as a GST calculator?
Yes. GST in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, India and Singapore is a value-added tax under another name, so adding and removing it works identically. Choose the country from the list or type the rate.
How are the figures rounded?
To two decimal places, half up, the convention on invoices and VAT returns. In bulk mode each line is rounded before the totals are added, so the totals match the lines you would print. For a single amount the calculation is exact and only the display is rounded.